Class 12 Physics questions with answers

210 NCERT Class 12 Physics questions with answers, chapter by chapter, from Electric Charges and Fields to Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits.

How to teach Class 12 Physics · Class 12 Physics common misconceptions

• Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

  15 questions, 2 with pictures · Charge quantisation and counting carriers · Charging, conduction and charge conservation · Coulomb force and inverse-square comparisons · Vector superposition and symmetry · Electric field, test charge and particle motion · Meaning and consistency of electric field lines · Oriented area and electric flux · Axial and equatorial dipole fields · Electric dipole moment and its direction · A dipole in a uniform electric field · Continuous charge distributions · Gauss law for spherical charge distributions · Gauss law: enclosed charge, net flux and symmetry · Gauss law for a plane sheet and parallel sheets · Gauss law for an infinite charged wire

• Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

  15 questions, 2 with pictures · Potential of an isolated point charge · Scalar addition and zero-potential locations · Stored energy and electric energy density · Potential difference, work and charge sign · Connected and isolated capacitor changes · Equipotentials and the potential gradient · Dipole potential and the zero-potential plane · Interaction energy and dipole orientation · Conductors, charge redistribution and shielding · Dielectrics and bound-charge polarisation · Partial dielectric and metallic slabs · Capacitance and the charge on a capacitor · Parallel-plate geometry and capacitance · Series and parallel capacitor networks · Charge sharing and loss of capacitor energy

• Chapter 3: Current Electricity

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Charge flow and conventional current · Resistance, resistivity and wire geometry · Drift speed, current density and continuity · Microscopic conduction and mobility · Ohmic behaviour and graph interpretation · Temperature dependence of resistance · Electrical power, energy and rated appliances · Combinations of real cells · Emf, terminal voltage and internal resistance · Series and parallel resistor networks · Kirchhoff rules and signed branch currents · Wheatstone bridge balance

• Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Force on a current-carrying conductor · Magnetic and Lorentz forces · Circular and helical motion · Circular-coil fields and superposition · Ampere law and straight-wire fields · Biot–Savart law and source-element geometry · Long-solenoid magnetic field · Force between parallel currents · Magnetic moment and torque of a loop · Moving-coil galvanometer and meter conversion

• Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Magnetic Gauss law and absence of monopoles · Magnetic poles and field-line meaning · Far axial and equatorial dipole fields · Torque and force on a magnetic dipole · Magnetic potential energy, equilibrium and work · Magnetisation and magnetic intensity · Susceptibility, permeability and classification · Diamagnetic response and perfect diamagnetism · Paramagnetic moments and thermal disorder · Domains, remanence and temperature

• Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Magnetic flux and oriented area · Faraday law: rates, turns and transported charge · Induced emf versus closed-circuit current · Lenz law and energy conservation · Motional emf in translating and rotating conductors · Mutual inductance and shared magnetic flux · Self-induction and solenoid geometry · Magnetic energy of an inductor · AC generator amplitude, phase and rotation

• Chapter 7: Alternating Current

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Sinusoidal current, effective values and resistor heating · Ideal capacitor: phase and frequency response · Ideal inductor: phase and frequency response · Series LCR impedance and phasor addition · Series resonance and natural angular frequency · Average power, wattless current and power factor · Transformers, energy conservation and transmission

• Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

  15 questions, 3 with pictures · Displacement current and time-varying electric flux · Radiation sources and propagation without matter · Transverse field directions and phase · Vacuum speed and passage into a medium · Wave amplitudes, frequency and wave number · Energy sharing, intensity and radiation momentum · Infrared and ultraviolet sources, absorption and uses · Spectrum ordering, photon energy and overlapping bands · Radio waves, microwaves and directional beams · X-ray and gamma-ray production and applications · Ampere-Maxwell continuity and capacitor geometry

• Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

  15 questions, 2 with pictures · Reflection and the local normal · Refracting telescope in normal adjustment · Refraction at a spherical interface · Spherical mirrors and Cartesian image signs · Apparent depth and plane parallel slabs · Refractive index, speed and frequency · Critical angle, escape cone and optical fibres · Lens shape, curvature signs and surrounding medium · Thin lens imaging and virtual objects · Lens power and combinations in contact · Sequential imaging by separated lenses · Dispersion and wavelength dependence · Prism geometry and minimum deviation · Compound microscope and focal-plane tube length · Image formation and aperture

• Chapter 10: Wave Optics

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Wavefronts, rays and Huygens construction · Wave refraction: speed, wavelength and frequency · Coherence and persistent interference · Initial phase and a plate in one path · Interference amplitudes, contrast and energy · Path difference and interference intensity · Coincident fringes of two wavelengths · Young experiment in a uniform medium · Young fringe width, angles and order · Single-slit diffraction and the central maximum · Polarisation, Malus law and transverse light

• Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Photocurrent, collection and intensity · Einstein energy balance and stopping potential · Photoelectric graph slopes and material thresholds · Surface escape, threshold and prompt photoemission · Photon energy, momentum and photon flux · de Broglie wavelength and mechanical state · Matter-wave evidence and macroscopic limits

• Chapter 12: Atoms

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Evidence for the nuclear atom · Head-on distance of closest approach · Impact parameter and scattering angle · Classical instability and Bohr stationary states · Bohr radii and unequal radial spacing · Quantised angular momentum · Speed and period of orbital revolution · Kinetic, potential and total atomic energy · Photon energy and transition comparisons · Hydrogen spectral series and line counts · Selective absorption and excitation thresholds · de Broglie standing-wave condition · Limits of the Bohr model

• Chapter 13: Nuclei

  15 questions, 1 with pictures · Atomic versus nuclear masses · Nuclide composition and related species · Nuclear radius and density · Mass defect and binding energy · Mass-energy balance and reaction Q · Binding energy per nucleon and the curve · Short-range nuclear force and potential energy · Nuclear decay and particle bookkeeping · Fission, fusion and binding-energy gains · Coulomb barrier for light-nucleus fusion · Counting nuclear events and macroscopic energy

• Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

  15 questions, 2 with pictures · Energy bands and material classification · Electron-hole pairs, conventional currents and temperature · Donors, acceptors, neutrality and carrier equilibrium · Diffusion, depletion ions and equilibrium drift · Bias polarity, barrier width and reverse current · Diode characteristics and circuit models · Half-wave and full-wave rectification and capacitor filtering