Health: The Ultimate Treasure: questions with answers

Limiting screen time and getting enough sleep help protect health. Too much screen time can affect sleep and mental well-being as well as the eyes. Children need enough sleep for the body and mind to rest and recover.

Exercise supports health, but it cannot cancel the harm from eating fast food too often or getting too little sleep. Vikram should get enough sleep each night while continuing to exercise. Skipping meals is not a healthy way to make up for either problem.

Health includes physical, mental and social well-being. Having no diagnosed disease does not establish complete well-being. The stated worries or unwanted social difficulties deserve support. These aspects can interact; the question asks which is most directly described.

Loneliness and increased phone use can affect health. These changes may play a part in his illness, but the account does not tell us the exact cause.

The second area has unhealthy surroundings that can increase illness risk even when personal habits stay the same. Health depends on both personal habits and surroundings. Higher risk does not mean every child will become ill.

Polluted air can cause coughing. It can also make breathing harder for people with asthma.

Cholera can spread through contaminated drinking water. Malaria spreads through infected mosquito bites, not shared air. Dengue does not spread through handshakes. Cholera spreads through contaminated water or food, not mosquito bites.

These conditions are not caught by sitting near someone who has them. Appropriate diet and activity can support risk reduction or management. Care depends on the condition and the person. Type 1 diabetes is different and is not prevented by these lifestyle changes.

Prevention should address the route of exposure. Nets, repellents and removing breeding sites reduce mosquito exposure. Safe water and hygienic food handling reduce exposure through food and water. A preventive vaccine is not a treatment for an established infection.

A disease spreads from person to person only when a pathogen causes it. Diabetes and asthma are non-communicable: no pathogen causes them, so there is nothing to pass on. The flu and chickenpox are communicable, caused by pathogens, and can pass to others. How mild or serious a disease feels does not decide whether it spreads.

A symptom is a person’s reported experience, such as pain, tiredness or dizziness. A sign is an observable or measurable finding. Normal results from the checks performed do not rule out every problem. The doctor considers the symptoms alongside examination and test findings.

Table 3.1 lists viruses as the causal agents of both influenza and hepatitis A.

Vaccination can train the immune system without the person having the disease. The case describes acquired protection through vaccination.

The chapter credits mass vaccination with ending smallpox worldwide. Vaccination protected people against smallpox and helped stop its spread.

Farm animals can carry resistant bacteria even when they appear healthy. These bacteria can reach people through animal food products. Milk and butter come from cows, while eggs come from hens. Resistant bacteria can also pass through manure into soil and onto crops that people handle or eat.